The excess of nutrients is stored mainly in the white adipose tissue (WAT), the liver and the skeletal muscle. ![]() For the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity caused by the chronic imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure is the major risk factor (American Diabetes Association, 2004 Lazar, 2005). In general, two forms of diabetes mellitus are distinguished: type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in early childhood and resulting in an absolute lack of insulin (American Diabetes Association, 2004). Indeed, more than 60% of type 2 diabetics die of myocardial infarction or stroke (Giorgino et al., 2013). Among the consequences of diabetes are micro- and macrovascular complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy leading to blindness and renal insufficiency, respectively, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (Alberti and Zimmet, 1998 Stratton et al., 2000). Their suitability as ‘ideal anti-diabetic drugs’ will be discussed.ĭiabetes mellitus belongs to the most rapidly increasing diseases worldwide. In addition, emerging strategies for the treatment of diabetes will be described, among them the inhibition of glucagon action and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review will briefly summarize current oral anti-diabetic drugs. Despite the many anti-diabetic drugs already in use, there is an ongoing research for additional drugs, guided by different concepts of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. An ideal oral anti-diabetic drug should not only correct glucose homeostasis but also preserve or even augment beta-cell function and mass, ameliorate the subclinical inflammation present under insulin-resistant conditions and prevent the macro- and microvascular consequences of diabetes in order to reduce the mortality. ![]() ![]() Considering the complications of this chronic disease, a reliable anti-diabetic treatment is indispensable. ![]() Approximately 90–95% of these patients suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and the progressive loss of beta-cell function and mass. Diabetes mellitus belongs to the most rapidly increasing diseases worldwide.
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